Hajoale, karo-karolelano ea chelete ea likoloi le likarolo tsa indasteri ea China e ka bang 1: 1, le motlakase oa koloi 1: 1.7 karo-karolelano e ntse e le teng, karolo ea indasteri e kholo empa ha e matla, ketane ea liindasteri holimo le tlase ho na le mefokolo e mengata le mefokolo.Moko-taba oa tlholisano ea lefatše ea indasteri ea likoloi ke sistimi e tšehetsang, ke hore, ketane ea indasteri, tlholisano ea ketane ea boleng.Ka hona, ntlafatsa sebopeho sa karolo e ka holimo le e tlase ea indasteri, ho potlakisa kopanyo le boqapi ba ketane ea phepelo, ho aha ketane ea liindasteri e ikemetseng, e bolokehileng le e laolehang, 'me u ntlafatse boemo ba China ho ketane ea indasteri ea lefats'e, ke tšusumetso ea mantlha le e sebetsang. litlhoko tsa ho fihlela ntshetsopele ya boleng bo phahameng ba diyantle tsa makoloi.
Likarolo le likarolo tse romelloang kantle ho naha hangata li tsitsitse
1. 2020 Likarolo le likarolo tsa China li theoha ka sekhahla se phahameng ho feta sa likoloi tse felletseng
Ho tloha ka 2015, likarolo tsa likoloi tsa China (ho kenyeletsoa likarolo tsa koloi tsa bohlokoa, likarolo tse ling, likhalase, lithaere, tse tšoanang ka tlase) ho fetoha ha maemo ha ho kholo.Ntle le li-export tsa 2018 li feta $ 60 bilione, lilemo tse ling li ntse li phaphamala holimo le tlase $ 55 bilione, e ts'oanang le mokhoa oa selemo le selemo oa ho romela thepa ea koloi kaofela.Ka 2020, thepa eohle ea China e romelloang kantle ho naha ea lihlahisoa tsa likoloi ho feta $ 71 bilione, likarolo li ne li le 78.0%.Har'a bona, koloi eohle e romelloa ka $ 15.735 limilione tse likete, ho theosa le 3.6% selemo le selemo;likarolo tse romelloang kantle ho $ 55.397 limilione tse likete, ho theosa le 5.9% selemo le selemo, sekhahla sa ho theoha ho feta koloi eohle.Ha ho bapisoa le 2019, phapang ea khoeli le khoeli ea thomello ea likarolo le likarolo ka 2020 e hlakile.A anngoe ke seoa sena, li-export li ile tsa oela tlase ka Hlakola, empa ka Hlakubele e ile ea hlaphoheloa ho fihlela boemong ba nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng;ka lebaka la tlhokahalo e fokolang mebarakeng ea mose ho maoatle, likhoeli tse ’nè tse latelang li ile tsa tsoela pele ho theoha, ho fihlela ka Phato li tsitsitse ’me tsa eketseha, Loetse ho isa ho Tšitoe thomello ea kantle e ile ea tsoela pele ho sebetsa ka maemo a holimo.Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa ho romela thepa ea koloi, likarolo le likarolo ho feta khoeli ea 1 ea koloi pele ho nako e tšoanang selemong se fetileng ho khutlela boemong, ho ka bonoa hore likarolo le likarolo tsa kutloisiso ea 'maraka li matla.
2. Likarolo tsa Auto li romella likarolo tsa bohlokoa le lisebelisoa
Ka 2020, thepa ea thepa ea Chaena ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 23.021, e theohile ka 4.7% selemo le selemo, e leng 41.6%;lisebelisoa tsa zero li romela lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 19.654 tsa US, ho theosa le 3.9% selemo le selemo, e leng 35.5%;likhalase tsa likoloi li romela lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 1.087 tsa US, ho theoha ka 5.2%;Lithaere tsa likoloi li romela kantle ho lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 11.635, tse theohileng ka 11.2%.Ligalase tsa likoloi li romelloa haholo United States, Japane, Jeremane, Korea Boroa le linaheng tse ling tsa setso tsa tlhahiso ea likoloi, lithaere tsa likoloi li romelloa haholo United States, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom le limmaraka tse ling tse kholo tsa kantle ho naha.
Ka ho khetheha, mekhahlelo ea mantlha ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse romelloang kantle ke foreimi le brake system, thepa e romelloang kantle e ne e le 5.041 bilione le lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 4.943, tse romelloang haholo United States, Japane, Mexico, Jeremane.Mabapi le likarolo tse ling, likoahelo tsa 'mele le mabili ke mekhahlelo e meholo ea kantle ho naha ka 2020, ka boleng ba kantle ho naha ea limilione tse likete tse 6.435 le lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 4.865 ka ho latellana, tseo mabili a tsona a romelloang haholo United States, Japan, Mexico, Thailand.
3. Limmaraka tsa kantle ho naha li tsepamisitsoe Asia, Amerika Leboea le Europe
Asia (sengoloa sena se bua ka likarolo tse ling tsa Asia ntle le China, eona e ka tlase), Amerika Leboea le Europe ke 'maraka o ka sehloohong oa thepa ea kantle bakeng sa likarolo tsa China.Ka 2020, likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa Chaena li romela 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa ke Asia, thepa e romelloang ka $ 7.494 limilione tse likete, e leng 32.6%;e lateloa ke Amerika Leboea, li-export tsa $ 6.076 limilione tse likete, tse etsang 26,4%;thepa e romelloang linaheng tse ling ho ea Europe 5.902 bilione, e leng karolo ea 25.6%.Mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa zero, thepa e romelloang ho ea Asia e ne e le karolo ea 42.9 lekholong;thepa e romelloang kantle ho Amerika Leboea lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 5.065 tsa Amerika, tse etsang liphesente tse 25.8;thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ho ea Europe lidolara tse libilione tsa 3.371, tse etsang liperesente tse 17.2.
Leha ho na le likhohlano tsa khoebo lipakeng tsa China le United States, thepa le likarolo tsa China ho la United States ka 2020 li theohile, empa hore na ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa kapa lisebelisoa tsa zero, United States e ntse e le morekisi e moholo oa China, ka bobeli e romella kantle ho naha. United States e nkile karolo ea 24% ea kakaretso ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha e fetang libilione tse 10 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika.Har'a tsona, likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa ho romela thepa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea brake, tsamaiso ea ho emisa le tsamaiso ea tsamaiso, lisebelisoa tsa zero tsa thepa e ka sehloohong ea mabili a aluminium, 'mele le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase.Linaha tse ling tse nang le thepa e phahameng ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa le lisebelisoa li kenyelletsa Japane, Korea Boroa le Mexico.
4. RCEP ea lebatooa la likoloi tsa likoloi bohlokoa ketane ea thomello
Ka 2020, Japane, Korea Boroa le Thailand ke linaha tse tharo tse holimo sebakeng sa RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) mabapi le thomello ea thepa ea bohlokoa le lisebelisoa tsa likoloi tsa China.Lihlahisoa tse romelloang kantle ho naha ho ea Japane haholo-holo ke mabili a aluminium alloy, 'mele, sehlopha sa mehala e tukang, sistimi ea brake, mokotla oa moea, joalo-joalo;lihlahisoa tse romelloang kantle ho naha ho ea Korea Boroa haholo-holo ke sehlopha sa mehala, 'mele, sistimi ea ho tsamaisa, mokotla oa moea, joalo-joalo;lihlahisoa tse romelloang Thailand haholo-holo ke 'mele, mabili a alloy aluminium, sistimi e tsamaisang, brake system, jj.
Ho na le ho feto-fetoha ha likarolo tsa thepa lilemong tsa morao tjena
1. Keketseho e nyane ea likarolo tsa China tse tsoang kantle ho naha ka 2020
Ho tloha ka 2015 ho isa ho 2018, thepa ea thepa ea China ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e bonts'itse maemo a holimo selemo le selemo;ka 2019, ho bile le phokotseho e kholo, mme thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e theohile ka 12.4% selemo le selemo;ka 2020, le hoja a anngoe ke seoa sena, thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e fihlile ho US $ 32.113 limilione tse likete, keketseho e nyenyane ea 0.4% ho feta selemo se fetileng, ka lebaka la ho hula ho matla ha tlhokahalo ea lehae.
Ho latela mokhoa oa khoeli le khoeli, ho kenngoa ha likarolo le likarolo ka 2020 ho bonts'itse mokhoa o tlase pele le ka morao ho mokhoa o phahameng.Boemo bo tlase ba selemo le selemo e ne e le ka Mmesa ho isa Mots'eanong, haholo ka lebaka la khaello ea phepelo e bakiloeng ke ho ata ha seoa mose ho maoatle.Ho tloha ho tsitsisoa ka June, likhoebo tsa likoloi tsa malapeng ho netefatsa botsitso ba phepelo, ka boomo ho eketsa lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa, likarolo tse tsoang linaheng tse ling karolong ea bobeli ea selemo li lula li sebetsa ka mokhoa o phahameng.
2. Likarolo tsa bohlokoa li etsa hoo e ka bang 70% ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha
Ka 2020, likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa likoloi tsa China li kenya lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 21.642 tsa US, ho theosa le 2.5% selemo le selemo, e leng 67.4%;lisebelisoa tsa zero li kenya lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 9.42 tsa US, ho nyoloha ka 7.0% selemo le selemo, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 29.3%;khalase ea likoloi e kenya liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 4.232 tsa US, ho nyoloha ka 20.3% selemo le selemo;Lithaere tsa likoloi li kenya lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 6.24 tsa US, ho theoha ka 2.0% selemo le selemo.
Ho tsoa likarolong tsa bohlokoa, thepa ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e ne e le halofo ea kakaretso.Ka 2020, China e ile ea kenya lidolara tse libilione tse 10.439 ka phetisetso, e theohile hanyane ka 0.6% selemo le selemo, e etsang karolo ea 48% ea kakaretso, mehloli ea mantlha ea ho kenya thepa e le Japane, Jeremane, United States le Korea Boroa.Sena se lateloa ke liforeimi le lienjine tsa peterole/ea tlhaho.Barekisi ba ka sehloohong ba liforeimi ke Jeremane, United States, Japan le Austria, 'me lienjene tsa peterole/ea tlhaho tsa khase li rekoa haholo ho tsoa Japane, Sweden, United States le Jeremane.
Mabapi le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea lisebelisoa tsa zero, likhurumetso tsa 'mele li nkile karolo ea 55% ea kakaretso ea lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 5.157, keketseho ea 11.4% selemo le selemo, linaha tse kholo tse tsoang kantle ho naha ke Jeremane, Portugal, United States le Japane.Sesebelisoa sa mabone a likoloi se kenya $ 1.929 limilione tse likete, ho nyoloha ka 12.5% selemo le selemo, se ikarabellang bakeng sa 20%, haholo-holo ho tsoa Mexico, Czech Republic, Jeremane le Slovakia le linaheng tse ling.Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore, ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea theknoloji ea li-cockpit tse bohlale le tšehetso, ho kenngoa ha lisebelisoa tse amanang le zero ho ntse ho fokotseha selemo le selemo.
3. Europe ke 'maraka o ka sehloohong oa ho kenya likarolo
Ka 2020, Europe le Asia ke 'maraka o ka sehloohong oa thepa ea thepa bakeng sa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa likoloi tsa China.Theko e tsoang Europe e fihlile ho $ 9.767 limilione tse likete, keketseho e nyane ea 0.1% selemo le selemo, e etsang 45.1%;thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e tsoang Asia e fihlile ho $ 9.126 limilione tse likete, ho theoha ka 10.8% selemo le selemo, e leng karolo ea 42.2%.Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa ho kenya thepa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa zero hape ke Europe, ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling ea liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 5.992, ho fihla ho 5.4% selemo le selemo, e leng 63.6%;e lateloa ke Asia, e nang le thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling ea liranta tse libilione tse 1.860, e theohile ka 10.0% selemo le selemo, e leng 19.7%.
Ka 2020, barekisi ba ka sehloohong ba China ba likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa likoloi ke Japane, Jeremane le United States.Har'a tsona, thepa e tsoang United States e ile ea eketseha haholo, ka keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 48.5%, 'me lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ke li-transmission, li-clutches le tsamaiso ea tsamaiso.Likarolo le lisebelisoa tse tsoang linaheng tse ling haholo-holo Jeremane, Mexico le Japane.Theko e tsoang Jeremane 2.399 limilione tse likete tse lidolara tsa US, keketseho ea 1.5%, e leng karolo ea 25,5%.
4. Sebakeng sa tumellano ea RCEP, Chaena e itšetlehile haholo ka lihlahisoa tsa Japane
Ka 2020, Japane, Korea Boroa, Thailand e ile ea beha linaha tse tharo tse holimo ka ho fetisisa tsa thepa ea bohlokoa ea likoloi le lisebelisoa tsa China tse tsoang sebakeng sa RCEP, ka thepa e ka sehloohong ea lipalangoang le likarolo, lienjineri le 'mele bakeng sa likoloi tsa 1 ~ 3L, le likoloi tse phahameng. ho itšetleha ka lihlahisoa tsa Majapane.Sebakeng sa tumellano ea RCEP, ho tloha boleng ba ho kenya thepa, 79% ea phetisetso le likoloi tse nyenyane tsa likoloi tse tsoang Japane, 99% ea enjene ea koloi e tsoang Japane, 85% ea 'mele e tsoang Japane.
Nts'etsopele ea likarolo e amana haufi-ufi le 'maraka oohle oa likoloi
1. Likarolo le likarolo likhoebo li lokela ho tsamaea ka pel'a koloi eohle
Ho tloha tsamaisong ea leano, leano la indasteri ea likoloi tsa malapeng haholo-holo ho pota-pota koloi ho nts'etsapele, likarolo le likarolo tsa likhoebo li phetha karolo feela "karolo e tšehetsang";ho ea ka pono ea thomello, mabili a likoloi tsa mofuta o ikemetseng, lithaere tsa likhalase le rabara 'marakeng oa machaba ho nka sebaka, ha phaello e phahameng ea boleng, phaello e phahameng ea ntlafatso ea likarolo tsa mantlha e saletse morao.Joalo ka indasteri ea mantlha, likarolo tsa likoloi li kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea ketane ea liindasteri e telele, ha ho na indasteri ea endogenous drive le nts'etsopele e kopanetsoeng, ho thata ho etsa katleho ea theknoloji ea mantlha.Ke habohlokoa ho bonahatsa hore nakong e fetileng, setsi sa motlakase se ne se le teng bakeng sa ho phehella kutloisiso ea lehlakore le le leng ea phaello ea 'maraka,' me bafani ba thepa e holimo ba boloka feela kamano e bonolo ea phepelo le tlhokahalo, ha baa ka ba bapala karolo ea ho khanna indasteri ea pele. ketane.
Ho tloha sebopehong sa lefats'e sa indasteri ea likarolo, li-OEM tse kholo joalo ka mahlaseli a mantlha lefats'eng ka bophara li thehile lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo tsa indasteri: United States e le motheo, ka tumellano ea US-Mexico-Canada ea ho boloka sehlopha sa ketane ea indasteri ea Amerika Leboea. ;Jeremane, Fora e le setsi sa motheo, sehlopha sa Europe sa ketane ea mahlaseli a kotsi Europe Bohareng le Bochabela;China, Japane, Korea Boroa e le motheo oa sehlopha sa ketane ea indasteri ea Asia.Ho hapa monyetla oa ho khetholla 'marakeng oa machabeng, likhoebo tse ikemetseng tsa likoloi tsa mofuta o ikemetseng li hloka ho sebelisa hantle ts'ebetso ea sehlopha sa indasteri, ho ela hloko khokahano ea phepelo ea phepelo, ho eketsa moralo oa pele, lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le kopanyo. boiteko, le ho khothaletsa likarolo tse matla tse ikemetseng likhoebong ho ea leoatleng hammoho, le pele koloi eohle.
2. Bafani ba lihlooho tse ikemetseng ba tlisa nako ea menyetla ea ntlafatso
Seoa sena se na le phello ea nako e khuts'oane le ea nako e telele phepelong ea likarolo tsa likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara, e tla thusa likhoebo tse kholo tsa lehae ka moralo oa lefats'e oa tlhahiso ea tlhahiso.Ka nako e khuts'oane, seoa sena se hula khafetsa tlhahiso ea barekisi ba mose ho maoatle, athe likhoebo tsa malapeng e le tsona tsa pele tsa ho qala mosebetsi le tlhahiso, 'me litaelo tse ling tse ke keng tsa fanoa ka nako li ka qobelloa ho chencha barekisi, ho fana ka nako ea fensetere bakeng sa lehae. likarolo lik'hamphani ho atolosa khoebo ea bona mose ho maoatle.Ha nako e ntse e ea, molemong oa ho fokotsa kotsi ea phokotso ea phepelo ea kantle ho naha, li-OEM tse ngata e tla ba barekisi ba ikemetseng ho sistimi e tšehetsang, ts'ebetso ea phepelo ea likarolo tsa malapeng e lebelletsoe ho potlakisa.Indasteri ea likoloi e potoloha le kholo ea likarolo tse peli, maemong a kholo e fokolang ea mmaraka, menyetla ea meralo ea indasteri e ka lebelloa.
3. "Ncha tse 'nè" li tla tsosolosa mokhoa oa ketane ea indasteri ea likoloi
Hajoale, lintlha tse 'ne tse kholo, tse kenyelletsang tataiso ea maano, motheo oa moruo, ts'usumetso ea sechaba le ts'ebetso ea thekenoloji, li potlakisitse ho ikatisa le ho khothaletsa "tse ncha tse' nè" tsa ketane ea indasteri ea likoloi - phapano ea matla, khokahanyo ea marang-rang, bohlale le ho arolelana.Baetsi ba baeti ba tla hlahisa mefuta e ikhethileng ho latela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa maeto a mehala;tlhahiso e thehiloeng sethaleng e tla potlakisa ponahalo ea koloi le ka hare;le tlhahiso e feto-fetohang e tla thusa ho eketsa katleho ea mohala oa tlhahiso.Khōlo ea theknoloji ea motlakase, kopanyo ea indasteri ea 5G, le ho phethahala ha butle-butle ha maemo a ho khanna a arolelanoang ka bohlale ho tla fetola ka botebo mohlala oa ketane ea nakong e tlang ea indasteri ea likoloi.Litsamaiso tse tharo tsa motlakase (taolo ea betri, motlakase le motlakase) tse tsamaisoang ke ho phahama ha motlakase li tla nkela sebaka sa enjene ea khale e tukang ka hare 'me e be motheo o felletseng;mojari ea ka sehloohong oa bohlale - chip ea likoloi, tšehetso ea ADAS le AI e tla fetoha ntlha e ncha ea likhang;e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea khokahanyo ea marang-rang, C-V2X, 'mapa o nepahetseng haholo, theknoloji ea ho khanna e ikemetseng le synergy ea maano Lintlha tse' nè tse kholo tsa ho khanna li haella.
Monyetla oa kamora 'maraka o fana ka menyetla ea nts'etsopele bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa likarolo
Ho ea ka OICA (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Likoloi), beng ba likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara e tla ba limilione tse likete tse 1.491 ka 2020. Borui bo ntseng bo eketseha bo fana ka mocha o matla oa khoebo bakeng sa aftermarket ea likoloi, ho bolelang hore ho tla ba le tlhokahalo e eketsehileng ea tšebeletso ea ka mor'a ho rekisa le ho lokisoa nakong e tlang, 'me lik'hamphani tsa likarolo tsa China li hloka ho sebelisa monyetla ona ka thata.
Ka mohlala, US, ho tloha bofelong ba 2019, ho ne ho e-na le likoloi tse ka bang limilione tse 280 US;kakaretso ea likoloi tsa US ka 2019 e ne e le 3.27 trillion miles (hoo e ka bang 5.26 trillion km), ka karolelano ea lilemo tsa koloi ea lilemo tse 11.8.Keketseho ea lik'hilomithara tsa likoloi le keketseho ea lilemo tse tloaelehileng tsa likoloi li tsamaisa kholo ea likarolo tsa 'maraka le tšebeliso ea chelete ea ho lokisa le ho hlokomela.Ho ea ka American Automotive Aftermarket Suppliers Association (AASA), thekiso ea likoloi tsa US e hakanngoa hore e tla fihla ho $ 308 limilione tse likete ka 2019. Tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea 'maraka e tla rua molemo haholo ho lik'hamphani tse shebaneng le litšebeletso tsa likoloi tsa likoloi, ho kenyelletsa le barekisi ba likarolo, bafani ba litšebeletso tsa tokiso le tlhokomelo, barekisi ba likoloi tse sebelisitsoeng, joalo-joalo, e leng molemo bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle ho naha likarolo tsa koloi tsa China.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, 'maraka oa morao-rao oa Europe o na le bokhoni bo boholo.Ho latela data ea European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA), lilemo tse tloaelehileng tsa likoloi tsa Europe ke lilemo tse 10.5.Kabelo ea hajoale ea 'maraka ea sistimi ea OEM ea Jeremane ha e le hantle e lekana le ea likanale tse ikemetseng tsa mokha oa boraro.'Marakeng oa lits'ebeletso tsa ho lokisa le ho nchafatsa lithaere, tlhokomelo, botle le likarolo tse tabohileng, tsamaiso e ikemetseng ea kanale e nka bonyane 50% ea 'maraka;ha likhoebong tse peli tsa tokiso ea mochini le motlakase le ho fafatsa ka tšepe, sistimi ea OEM e nka karolo e fetang halofo ea 'maraka.Hajoale, Jeremane e kenya likarolo tsa likoloi haholo-holo ho tsoa Czech Republic, Poland le barekisi ba bang ba Central le Europe Bochabela ba OEM, e tsoang China ho ea ho lihlahisoa tsa mantlha tse kang lithaere, li-brake friction pads.Nakong e tlang, lik'hamphani tsa likarolo tsa Chaena li ka eketsa katoloso ea 'maraka oa Europe.
Indasteri ea likoloi e na le lilemo tse lekholo tsa nts'etsopele ea nako e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea lifensetere, joalo ka ha indasteri ea likarolo tsa likoloi e ea holimo le tlase e ntse e tsamaea le eona, ho kopanya, ho hlophisa bocha, ts'ebetso e matla ea tlholisano, tlhoko ea ho tšoara monyetla oa ho imatlafatsa. le ho lokisa mefokolo.Khomarela ntshetsopele e ikemetseng, ho nka tsela ea machaba, ke khetho e ke keng ea qojoa ea ntlafatso ea indasteri ea likoloi ea China.
Nako ea poso: Nov-25-2022