I. Sekala sa maraka sa lapeng le sa machabeng
1, Tekanyo ea 'maraka oa malapeng
Keketseho ea tlhokahalo ea mmaraka ea li-brake pads e amana haufi-ufi le nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likoloi (tlhahiso ea likoloi le beng ba tsona li lekanya tlhahiso ea li-brake pads, 'me ho na le khokahano e matla lipakeng tsa eona le tlhahiso ea li-brake pad le thekiso), le ho potlaka. nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea likoloi ea China e tla tsamaisa ka kotloloho nts'etsopele ea nako e le 'ngoe ea baetsi ba li-brake pad.Pele ho tsohle, China hajoale e na le baetsi ba likoloi ba fetang 300 le limela tse fetang 600 tsa phetoho ea likoloi, tse nang le likoloi tse ka bang limilione tse 18 selemo le selemo, le tlhoko e kholo ea li-brake pads, ka tlhoko ea naha ea selemo le selemo ea li-brake tse limilione tse 300. mapheo.Tlhahiso ea lehae ea 2010, boleng ba tlhahiso le lekeno la thekiso ea likhohlano le thepa ea ho tiisa e fihlelletse kholo ea linomoro tse peli, ka kakaretso ea tlhahiso (ntle le thepa e felileng) ea lithane tse 875,600, ho nyoloha ka 20.73% selemo le selemo.Kakaretso ea tlhahiso (ho sa kenyelelitsoe lihlahisoa tse seng li felile) e ne e le lithane tse 875,600, ho nyoloha ka 20.73% selemo le selemo;kakaretso ea boleng e ne e le li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 16,6, ho nyoloha ka 28.35% selemo le selemo;lekeno la thekiso e ne e le li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 16, ho nyoloha ka 30.25% selemo le selemo.
Ntlafatso e potlakileng ea indasteri ea likoloi ea China e tla tsamaisa nts'etsopele ea nako e le 'ngoe ea bahlahisi ba li-brake pad, mme e tla ama tlhoko ea kamoso ea 'maraka ea li-brake pads ho tsoa ponong ea setoko sa brake pad le keketseho.Mmarakeng oa setoko, kaha li-brake pads ke lihlahisoa tse ka jeoang, khafetsa nchafatso e potlakile, 'me beng ba likoloi tse kholo bo tla hlohlelletsa tlhokahalo ea li-brake pads ka mor'a thekiso ea lapeng;ka nako e ts'oanang, 'marakeng o ntseng o eketseha, mokhoa oa tlhahiso le thekiso o etsa hore li-brake pads li ntse li hlokahala haholo' marakeng o tšehetsang.Ka hona, mathata a lichelete a machaba a lebisitseng ho putlama ho tsitsitseng ha moruo oa lefats'e indastering ea brake pad e ile ea nyamela butle-butle, matšoao a ho khutla ha indasteri a hlahile, indasteri ea brake pad e tlisa monyetla o moholo oa nts'etsopele.
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea thepa ea likhohlano tsa China li na le tse fetang 470, ho kenyeletsoa likhoebo tse kopaneng tse fetang 40 tsa linaha tse ling le likhoebo tsa kantle ho naha.Lipalo-palo li bonts'a hore ka 2010, indasteri ea thepa ea likhohlano ea China e hlahisoa selemo le selemo ea lithane tse 426,000 tsa lihlahisoa tsa likhohlano, kakaretso ea boleng ba li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 8.53, thomello ea li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 3.18, tseo lisebelisoa tsa likhohlano tsa likoloi li neng li etsa hoo e ka bang 80% ea kakaretso.Indasteri ea thepa ea likhohlano ea China ka kakaretso boemo ba thekenoloji ea tlhahiso bo ntlafalitsoe haholo, likhoebo tse ling tse etelletseng pele li fihlile maemong a holimo a machabeng.
2, boholo ba 'maraka oa machaba
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa World Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA), palo ea likoloi tse teng lefatšeng ka bophara e ka bang limilione tse 900, 'me e ntse e eketseha ka sekhahla sa limilione tse 30 ka selemo, ho lebeletsoe hore ka 2020, beng ba likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara ba fihle ho li-unit tse limilione tse likete tse 1.2. .
Ho latela likhakanyo tsa International Energy Agency (IEA), ka 2020, tlhokeho ea 'maraka ea li-brake pad ea machabeng e tla feta $15 billion.Ka nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea likoloi ea Chaena le indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa likoloi, Chaena e tla fetoha setsi sa machaba sa ho sebetsa le sebaka sa machaba sa ho reka, 'me bahlahisi ba li-brake pad tsa China ba tla hapa karolo e eketsehileng ea' maraka 'marakeng oa machaba.
Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea naha ea 2010 ea lefatše la brake pad
(1), United States
Ka December 2010, thekiso ea likoloi tsa 'maraka oa US e ile ea boloka sekhahla se phahameng sa kholo ho tloha ka December 2009, ho fihla ho li-unit tse limilione tse 7.73, ka ho hlaphoheloa butle-butle ha' maraka oa likoloi oa US, ho khothalletsa likarolo tsa likoloi tsa US tse tšehetsang 'maraka, ho latela lintlha tse nepahetseng li bontša hore January. ho fihlela ka December 2010, chelete ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa US ea $ 6.5 limilione tse likete, keketseho ea 21%.
(2), Japane
Japane ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse leshome tse holimo tsa lefats'e tsa likoloi tse tšehetsang' maraka, hobane Japane e tsoetse pele theknoloji ea ho sebetsana le likarolo tsa likoloi le tlhokahalo e matla ea 'maraka lapeng le kantle ho naha, lekeno la thekiso ea li-brake pads tsa January-December 2010 le fihletse $4.1 billion ea kholo ea selemo le selemo. 13%, lihlahisoa tsa eona tsa mantlha bakeng sa ho romelloa kantle ho naha ea li-brake pads tse tšehetsang ts'ebeliso.
(3), Jeremane
Ho ea ka tlhahlobo ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse nang le matla, tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa Jeremane e ile ea phahama ka 18% selemo le selemo ho ea ho li-unit tsa 413,500 ka December 2010. 'Maraka oa likoloi oa malapeng o atisa ho hōla, theknoloji ea Jeremane ea likoloi tsa likoloi e tsoetse pele haholo, tlhahiso ea malapeng. le thekiso ea boemo ba ho fihlela tse peli booming, 2010 likoloi brake pad January ho December ho fihlela thekiso lekeno la 3.2 bilione liranta US, keketseho ea 8%.
Karohano ea lihlahisoa
Li-brake pads li sebelisoa ka bongata ka mor'a thekiso ea malapeng: 95% ea li-brake pads Chaena li sebelisoa ka mor'a ho rekisoa, ka bongata ba lihlopha tse ka bang limilione tse 95.
Palo ea li-brake pads tsa lapeng tse tšehetsang koloi eohle e tlase.Hajoale, ke 5% feela ea kakaretso ea selemo le selemo ea thekiso ea lihlahisoa tse ikemetseng indastering ea brake pad e sebelisetsoang li-OEM tsa lapeng.
Palo ea li-brake pads tse tšehetsang koloi eohle e ka bang limilione tse 5.
Hajoale, lisebelisoa tsa machaba tse tloaelehileng tsa likhohlano ke li-semitallic, tšepe e tlase, ceramic, lisebelisoa tsa manyolo ka mekhahlelo e mene, tataiso ea nts'etsopele ke ho holisa liforomo tsa semi-metallic, ho ntlafatsa libopeho tse tlase tsa tšepe, nts'etsopele ea litlolo tsa NAO.Leha ho le joalo, hajoale, asbestos (ts'ebeliso ea eona e neng e thibetsoe ka thata ke mmuso ka 1999) li-brake pads naheng ea China li ntse li nka karolo e kholo masimong a mang, haholo-holo 'marakeng oa li-brake pad.Kaha likhoele tsa asbestos li na le lintho tse bakang kankere, linaha tse ’maloa lefatšeng li saenetse tumellano ea bonngoe ea ho hana tšebeliso ea asbestos.
Ho ea ka boitsebiso bo nepahetseng, limmarakeng tsa linaheng tse ling, ha ho na asbestos, tšepe e fokolang, lisebelisoa tsa likhohlano tsa tikoloho (tse tsejoang hape e le lisebelisoa tsa NAO-mofuta oa likhohlano) lilemo tse fetang leshome tse fetileng li qalile ho phahamisetsoa marakeng;Linaha tse ling tsa Europe le United States li 'nile tsa thibeloa ha thepa ea likhohlano likarolong tse kotsi tsa tšepe e boima le melao ea koporo.Nakong e tlang, likahare tsa asbestos le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe e boima li tla fetoha thepa ea likhohlano e romelloang kantle ho naha ea Europe le United States.Ka hona, ha ho lerata, ha ho na molora le sebaka se sa senyeheng, bophelo ba nako e telele ea ts'ebeletso, braking e phutholohileng le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ho felisa ka botlalo lihlahisoa tsa brake pad ea asbestos, ke tataiso e nepahetseng ea ho latela mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea lefats'e.
Indasteri ea li-brake pad ea China e tobane le liphetoho tse peli tse kholo tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ts'ebetso e phahameng, li-brake pads tse nang le botsoalle ba tikoloho ntle le ho kopana le ho putlama ha mocheso o phahameng, sekhahla se tlase sa ho roala, botsitso ba likhohlano le litlhoko tse ling, le tsona li lokela ho ba le thothomelo e nyane. , lerata le tlaase, molora le litšobotsi tse ling tsa ts'ebetso tse sireletsang tikoloho, tsena ke thekenoloji ea tlhahiso ea thepa ea likhohlano, theknoloji ea ho lokisa thepa e tala, theknoloji ea ho lokisa thepa e tsoakiloeng, theknoloji e chesang e chesang, theknoloji ea phekolo ea mocheso le theknoloji ea ho latela kalafo le litlhoko tse ling tse phahameng.
Ho latela lipalo-palo tsa Mokhatlo oa China Friction and Seal Materials Association, likhoebo tsa China tsa tlhahiso ea li-brake pad li na le hoo e ka bang 500 kapa ho feta, empa ho feta 80% ea sekhahla sa likhoebo se nyane.Ka ntlafatso ea boemo bo akaretsang ba indasteri ea likoloi ea China, butle-butle indasteri ea likoloi e ntse e fetoha ho tloha ho tsepamisitse maikutlo ho theko ea li-brake pads ho tsepamisa maikutlo boleng le botekgeniki ba li-brake pads, 'maraka o tla tsoela pele ho ntlafala, mme qetellong. sebopeho sa matla a tekheniki a tlholisano lipakeng tsa likhoebo.
Ha indasteri ea likoloi ea China e qala ka morao ho nako, tlhahiso ea malapeng ea mefuta ea maemo a holimo ke ea Europe, United States, Japan, Korea Boroa le linaha tse ling, 'me li-brake pads ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa polokeho, lik'hamphani tsa likoloi tsa mabitso li na le taolo e thata haholo. hodima bona.Ho latela lipalo-palo tsa Mokhatlo oa China Friction and Seal Materials Association, 85% ea li-brake pads tsa hajoale tsa lapeng li ipapisitse le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, indasteri ea lapeng ea brake pad e ka qothisana lehlokoa 'marakeng e tsepamisitsoe haholo ho li-brake pads tsa likoloi, koloi e nyane ea maemo a tlase e nang le maemo a tlase. li-brake pads le micro car brake pads market.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ntlafatso ea theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa likoloi ea Chaena le tokiso ea maano a indasteri a linaha tse tsoetseng pele le tšusumetso ea lintlha tsa theko, ketane ea machaba ea theko e fallela Chaena.
Ho latela lintlha tsa Ofisi ea Naha ea Lipalopalo, tlhoko ea 'maraka ea li-brake pads ka 2010 e ne e ka ba li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 2.5, e leng karolo ea 25% ea mmaraka oa brake pad.
Ea boraro, boemo ba likhoebo tsa malapeng, theknoloji le mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa le boitsebiso bo bong
Hajoale, matla a tlhahiso le boemo ba botekgeniki ba likhoebo tse ling tsa lapeng tse hohlang likoloi li haufi le maemo a holimo a lefats'e, 'me likhoebo tse ngata tse etelletseng pele li hola ka potlako.Leha matla a tlhahiso le boemo ba tekheniki ba likhoebo tsa China tsa likhohlano tsa likoloi li hatetse pele haholo, empa maemo a indasteri a morao haholo, leha litlhoko tsa li-OEM tsa lapeng ha li tsamaellane.Ho tšoara index ea mocheso oa sefahleho, mohlala, semela se amohelang se hloka ho fihla ho 300 ℃, ha maemo a naha a fana ka 200 ℃ a tšoaneleha.Ka lebaka la mabaka a sa tšoaneng, ntlafatso ea litekanyetso tsa naha ha ea ka ea qala ho fihlela lilemong tse seng kae tse fetileng.
Taba e 'ngoe e hlokomelehang ke hore, bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa likhohlano tsa likoloi, bokhoni ba tsona ba ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele bo bonahala haholo liphuputsong tsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng.Le hoja tsoelo-pele e potlakileng lilemong tsa morao tjena, empa ka lebaka la ho bokella chelete e fokolang, likhoebo tsa malapeng tsa likhohlano tsa likoloi ka tlhahiso ea phetoho le lipatlisiso tse ikemetseng le lichelete tsa nts'etsopele li ka tlaase ho feta balekane ba tsoang linaheng tse ling.Maemo a indasteri a saletse morao, lik'hamphani tsa brake pad li na le matsete a fokolang a lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, ho latela lintlha tse 'maloa, indasteri ea lapeng ea brake pad le likhoebo li ntse li saletsoe ke nako e telele.
Nako ea poso: Mar-07-2022